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Primary lung cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest incidence and mortality in China, and lung rehabilitation for lung cancer has become a research hotspot. Many literature and studies have confirmed the feasibility and safety of pulmonary rehabilitation for lung cancer, but the mechanism of pulmonary rehabilitation for lung cancer is not completely clear. This article will discuss the mechanism of pulmonary rehabilitation for lung cancer, the specific content of pulmonary rehabilitation and remote home pulmonary rehabilitation.
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Objective:Based on the method of metabonomics, the intervention effect of Dingchuan decoction on neutrophilic asthma and its possible mechanism were analyzed from the changes of endogenous metabolites.Methods:Forty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal group (group A), neutrophilic asthma model group (group B), Dingchuan decoction low dose treatment group (group C), Dingchuan decoction medium dose treatment group (group D), and Dingchuan decoction high dose treatment group (group E), with 8 mice in each group.B/C/D/E group used ovalbumin (OVA) and complete Freund′s adjuvant (CFA) to induce sensitized mice to establish neutrophilic asthma model, and C/D/E group used Dingchuan decoction with different concentrations of crude drugs for intervention treatment.Buxco small animal lung function tester was used to evaluate the airway reactivity of mice; The total number of white blood cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was counted by counting plate, and the number was classified by cell smear staining; The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.The serum metabolites of mice in each group were detected by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with four pole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). The commonly used principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models were used for statistical analysis of the metabolite profiles in serum. The intervention effect of Dingchuan decoction and its possible mechanism were reflected from the changes of endogenous metabolites.Results:(1) General behavior observation: except mice in group A, mice in other groups showed asthma symptoms of different degrees during the challenge period. The symptoms of mice in each treatment group (group C, D, E) of Dingchuan decoction were less than those in group B. (2) Airway reactivity: the airway reactivity of mice in group B to methacholine (MCh) increased with the inhalation concentration, and the airway resistance at each concentration of MCh was significantly higher than that in group A (all P<0.01); the airway reactivity in group C, D and E was lower than that in group B (all P<0.01); the airway reactivity in group D and E was lower than that in group C (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in airway reactivity between group D and E ( P>0.05). (3) Airway inflammatory cell infiltration: the total number of white blood cells (WBC) and percentage of neutrophil in BALF of group B were significantly higher than those of group A (all P<0.01). The total WBC and percentage of neutrophil in group C, D and E were lower than those in group B (all P<0.01). The total number of WBC and percentage of neutrophil in group D and E were lower than those in group C (all P<0.01). There was no significant difference between group D and group E (all P>0.05). (4) Pathological changes of lung tissues: no pathological changes were observed in the lung tissues of group A mice. In group B, typical pathological changes such as bronchial lumen stenosis, intraluminal mucosal folds hyperplasia, epithelial cell exfoliation, swelling, mucous embolus, alveolar and lung tissue structure destruction, massive inflammatory cell infiltration around bronchus and blood vessels were observed, among which neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltration were the most obvious. The damage of lung tissue structure, bronchial mucosa edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in Dingchuan decoction treatment groups were significantly improved compared with group B, and the pathological changes of lung tissue in group D were relatively light. (5) Metabolomics analysis: PCA, PLS-DA and OPLS-DA analysis of serum metabolites in each group showed that serum metabolites in group A and group B were significantly different. The metabolic pathway analysis showed that Dingchuan decoction with different crude drug concentrations could improve the metabolic disorders caused by asthma in different degrees. Conclusions:Dingchuan decoction can effectively reduce airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in mice with neutrophil asthma, and effectively regulate metabolic abnormalities caused by neutrophil asthma.
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@#Objective To discuss the feasibility of establishment of animal model of "functional" bicuspid aortic valve with swine and observe its effect on the wall shear stress inside the aorta. Methods Four common Shanghai White Swine with body weight between 50 kg to 55 kg were selected. Under general anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass, the aortic transverse incision approach was used, continuous suture with 6-0 polypropylene to align the left and right coronary valve leaflets to create a bicuspid valve morphology. After the operation, echocardiography was used to observe the aortic valve morphology and the hemodynamic changes of the aortic valve orifice. The effect on the wall shear stress inside the aorta was studied with 4D-Flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results A total of 4 swine "functional" bicuspid aortic valve models were established, with a success rate of 100.0%. Echocardiography showed that the blood flow velocity of the aortic valve orifice was faster than that before the operation (0.96 m/s vs. 1.80 m/s). 4D-Flow MRI showed abnormally increased wall shear stress and blood flow velocity in the aorta of the animal models. After the surgery, in model animals, the maximal wall shear stress inside the ascending aorta was greater than 1.36 Pa, and the maximum blood flow velocity was greater than 1.4 m/s. Conclusion Establishment of the animal model of "functional" bicuspid aortic valve in swine is feasible, scientific and reliable. It can be used in researches on evaluating the pathophysiological changes.
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Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid mediator with biological activity, which is widely expressed in various tissues. Via combining with G-protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1-5) in different tissues, S1P can regulate Ras /MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, PLC/IP3, Rho/NF-κB and other signaling pathways and mediate various physiological and pathological reactions. The interaction of S1P and its receptors can affect the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of cells in airway and lung tissue, and it also plays an important role in inflammation and immune regulation. S1P mediates the pathogenic process of diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary infection and acute lung injury, while antagonizing S1P could relieve symptoms and delay the development of these diseases. Further study of S1P may provide a new therapeutic target for respiratory diseases.
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Background/Aims@#A strong correlation between depression and irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) has been identified. The aim of this study is to identify the correlations among depression, structural factors, gastrointestinal (GI) and extra-GI symptoms, and efficacy of neuromodulators in patients with IBS-D. @*Methods@#Patients meeting the Rome III Diagnostic Criteria for IBS-D were enrolled. The intestinal symptoms and psychological states were evaluated using IBS-specific symptom questionnaires and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. @*Results@#In total, 410 patients with IBS-D were enrolled, 28.8% (118/410) had comorbid depression. Patients with depression did not readily experience improvement in abdominal pain/discomfort after defecation, and had a higher prevalence of passing mucus, overlapping functional dyspepsia, and extra-GI symptoms. The structural factor “mental disorders” significantly correlated with main bowel symptom score and degree of pre-defecation abdominal pain/discomfort. No structural factor significantly correlated with bowel movements or stool form. Patients who had passing mucus, overlapping functional dyspepsia and extra-GI painful symptoms have higher score of “anxiety/somatization.” Patients with sexual dysfunction have higher score of “retardation symptoms.” In total, 28.3% of patients with IBS-D were prescribed neuromodulators. Baseline scores of “anxiety/somatization” and “retardation symptoms” positively correlated with improvement of diarrhea after paroxetine, and “sleep disturbances” positively correlated with improvement of abdominal pain/discomfort and diarrhea after mirtazapine. @*Conclusions@#Comorbid depression and higher scores of structural factors might aggravate GI and extra-GI symptoms other than bowel movements and stool form. Structural factors of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale correlated with efficacy of paroxetine and mirtazapine in patients with IBS-D.
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Diarrhea is a common digestive symptom. Here, we reported a case of young patient admitted with diarrhea caused by lead poisoning and cytomegalovirus infection. Through informative medical history and multi-disciplinary team discussion, Satoyoshi syndrome was finally diagnosed.
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Diarrhea is a common digestive symptom. Here, we reported a case of young patient admitted with diarrhea caused by lead poisoning and cytomegalovirus infection. Through informative medical history and multi-disciplinary team discussion, Satoyoshi syndrome was finally diagnosed.
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Patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome usually have comorbid psychological disorders,the trigger and aggravating factors of gastrointestinal symptoms.It may decrease the quality of life and the response to the conventional therapies,bring the patients to seek medical care frequently and perform unnecessary examinations,result in the waste of medical resources.We reported a 20-year-old woman with complaint of recurrent vomiting since infant,and less response to symptomatic and supportive treatment.Her vomiting relieved with antidepressant after consultation with gastroenterological specialist and psychologist.Physicians should pay more attention to recognize the comorbid psychological disorders in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs),including cyclic vomiting syndrome.It is important to refer the patients with refractory symptoms to the psychologists for further professional evaluation and antidepressants.
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Fever and abdominal pain are common symptoms and could be main manifestations in patients with autoinflammatory diseases.A 48-year-old female patient was admitted with recurrent fever and abdominal pain for 9 years.Serum level of inflammatory markers synchronously fluctuated with fever,and returned to normal when fever subsided.The periodic episodes of fever occurred every 1 to 4 months and failed to respond to empirical antibiotics.Whole exome sequencing showed heterozygous mutation of NOD2 gene q902k,leading to the final diagnosis of autoinflammatory disease.Corticosteroid and tripterygiumglycosides were effective for the disease remission.
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Objective To analyze the relationship between the changes of fasting plasma level of leptin and obesity in patients with insulinoma before operation.Methods From January 2003 to May 2008,40 patients with insulinoma diagnosed at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were selected.Preoperative fasting plasma samples of them were collected.From January 2003 to May 2008,the plasma samples of 28 volunteers matched with age,gender and body weight matched with the patients were collected as the controls.All the subjects were divided into overweight-obesity group and normal weight group according to their body mass index (BMI).Plasma levels of leptin of all the subjects were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The Mann-Whitney U test and the correlation coefficient test were used for statistical analysis.Results The plasma leptin level of patients with insulinoma was 0.35 ng/mL (0.25 ng/mL to 1.13 ng/mL),which was higher than that of the control group (0.29 ng/mL,0.25 ng/mL to 1.15 ng/mL),and the difference was statistically significant (U =324.50,P =0.003).In the normal-weight group,the plasma leptin level of the patients with insulinoma was 0.35 ng/mL (0.27 ng/mL to 0.62 ng/mL),which was higher than that of the control group (0.28 ng/mL,0.25 ng/mL to 0.37 ng/mL),and the difference was statistically significant (U =28.000,P =0.001).While in the overweight-obesity group,the plasma leptin levels of the patients with insulinoma and the controls were 0.35 ng/mL (0.25 ng/mL to 1.13 ng/mL) and 0.34 ng/mL (0.26 ng/mL to 1.15 ng/mL),respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant (U =153.500,P =0.525).Plasma leptin levels in both the patients with insulinoma and the controls,were correlated with BMI (r =0.355,P =0.025;r =0.571,P =0.001,respectively).Conclusion Preoperative fasting plasma level of leptin increase in patients with insulinoma which is correlated with BMI.
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Objective To explore the clinical value of a new scoring system for gastric cancer screening in hospital visits.Methods A new scoring system for gastric cancer screening was used to retrospectively analyze data of patients who visited Wenzhou Central Hospital for various digestive symptoms from April 2017 to August 2018 and met the screening requirements.All patients were divided into three groups according to the grading results of the new scoring system:low-risk group (0-11 points),medium-risk group (12-16 points) and high-risk group (17-23 points).A comparative analysis was performed on the detection of gastric cancer and gastric precancerous conditions among the three groups.Results A total of 2 674 patients were included in this study,1 694(63.35％) in the low-risk group,833(31.15％) in the medium-risk group,and 147(5.50％) in the high-risk group.The total detection rate of gastric cancer was 2.73％ (73/2 674).The detection rates were 1.06％ (18/1 694),4.32％ (36/833) and 12.93％ (19/147) in the three groups,respectively.There were significant differences in the detection rate of gastric cancer between any two of the three groups (all P ＜ 0.05).The detection rates of early gastric cancer in medium-risk group [2.04％ (17/833)] and high-risk group [4.08 ％ (6/147)] were significantly higher than that in the low-risk group[0.35％(6/1 694),all P＜0.05].Conclusion The new gastric cancer screening scoring system can not only significantly improve the detection rate of gastric cancer in hospital visits,but also improve the diagnostic rate of early gastric cancer.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Functional dyspepsia (FD) remains a great clinical challenge since the FD subtypes, defined by Rome III classification, still have heterogeneous pathogenesis. Previous studies have shown notable differences in visceral sensation processing in the CNS in FD compared to healthy subjects (HS). However, the role of CNS in the pathogenesis of each FD subtype has not been recognized. METHODS: Twenty-eight FD patients, including 10 epigastric pain syndrome (EPS), 9 postprandial distress syndrome (PDS), and 9 mixed-type, and 10 HS, were enrolled. All subjects underwent a proximal gastric perfusion water load test and the regional brain activities during resting state and water load test were investigated by functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: For regional brain activities during the resting state and water load test, each FD subtype was significantly different from HS (P < 0.05). Focusing on EPS and PDS, the regional brain activities of EPS were stronger than PDS in the left paracentral lobule, right inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis, postcentral gyrus, precuneus, insula, parahippocampal gyrus, caudate nucleus, and bilateral cingulate cortices at the resting state (P < 0.05), and stronger than PDS in the left inferior temporal and fusiform gyri during the water load test (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to HS, FD subtypes had different regional brain activities at rest and during water load test, whereby the differences displayed distinct manifestations for each subtype. Compared to PDS, EPS presented more significant differences from HS at rest, suggesting that the abnormality of central visceral pain processing could be one of the main pathogenesis mechanisms for EPS.
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Humans , Brain , Broca Area , Caudate Nucleus , Classification , Dyspepsia , Functional Neuroimaging , Healthy Volunteers , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Parahippocampal Gyrus , Parietal Lobe , Perfusion , Prefrontal Cortex , Sensation , Somatosensory Cortex , Visceral Pain , WaterABSTRACT
Objective@#To report on the two years outcome of Chinese multi-center study of the treatment of high risk non-calcified pure aortic regurgitation with transcatheter heart valve replacement (TAVR) using domestic made J-Valve™ system.@*Methods@#The national multi-center clinical study of the treatment of high risk non-calcified pure aortic regurgitation with transcatheter heart valve replacement using domestic made J-Valve™ system was conducted during the period from April 2014 to July 2015. The follow-up time was up to 2 years. Forty-three cases with predominant aortic valve regurgitation were enrolled for transapical implantation of the J-Valve™ system from 3 Chinese centers, including 16 patients from Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 23 patients from West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and 4 patients from Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. There were 30 males and 13 females in this cohort. The age of the patients was (74±6) years (range: 61 to 84 years). The patiens were all sympotmatic preoperatively. All patients were considered at prohibitive or high risk for surgical valve replacement (Logistic European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation of (25.5±5.3)%, range: 20.0% to 44.4%) after evaluation by an interdisciplinary heart team. Comprehensive clinical and echocardiographic assessments were scheduled before discharge and at 30 days, 12 months, and 24 months after the procedure.@*Results@#One patients was converted to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) due to valve embolism into the arch. The other 42 cases had J-Valve™ systems implanted successfully. One patient died from multi-organ disorder due to paravalvular leak (PVL) during perioperative period. There was no acute myocardial infarction, stroke or coronary obstruction during the perioperative period. The median follow-up time was 725 days (range: 6 to 1 082 days). There were 5 patients died during the 2 years, follow-up, 2 patients had stroke, 2 patients had permanent pacemaker implanted. Three patients had valve related reinterventions: One for intraoperative valve embolism into the aortic arch followed by a conversion to SAVR which was mentioned above. One patient underwent SAVR on the postoperative day 6 due to moderate PVL and ventricular dysfunction. One patient underwent SAVR 6 months after primary procedure due to prosthesis thrombosis and severe aortic valve stenosis.Thirty-six patients with J-valve™ implanted survived to the latest echocardiogram follow-up, 25 patients had trivial or less PVL, 9 patients had mild PVL, and the transvalvular gradient after valve implantation was favorable at (9.8±5.8) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa).@*Conclusions@#Transapical implantation of domestic made J-Valve™ transcatheter heart valve system for patients with predominant aortic regurgitation has a excellent early outcome. This novel technology is safe and effective.
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Objective To investigate the clinical symptoms and mental state of patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D ) , and to analyze the characteristics of psychological disorders in patients with IBS-D and their impacts on intestinal symptoms .Methods From July 2009 to June 2012 ,patients met Rome Ⅲ criteria of IBS-D were consecutively enrolled at Peking Union Medical College Hospital .The symptoms of IBS were investigated by IBS symptoms questionnaire and mental state were evaluated by Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA ) and Hamilton depression scale (HAMD ) . The differences in intestinal symptoms between patients with comorbid psychological disorders and without psychological disorders were compared .And the correlation between the scores of HAMA ,HAMD and intestinal symptoms were analyzed . Two independent sample t-tests ,chi square test and Fisher exact probability were performed for statistical analysis .Spearman rank correlation was used for correlation analysis .Results A total of 231 patients with IBS-D were enrolled .There were 133 males and 98 females with an age of (42 .8 ± 11 .1) years old and a disease course of (4 .5 years (8 .0 years)) .The HAMA and HAMD scores were 17 .00 ± 7 .12 and 14 .05 ± 6 .00 ,respectively ,and 72 .29％ (167/231) patients had comorbid psychological disorders ,32 .90％ (76/231 ) patients had moderate to severe anxiety and/or depression ,mainly had anxiety .The proportion of patients with ordinary abdominal pain or discomfort and the proportion of moderate to severe abdominal pain or discomfort in patients with psychological disorders were higher than those of patients without psychological disorders (53 .29％ , 89/167 vs . 34 .37％ , 22/64;49 .44％ ,44/89 vs .18 .18％ ,4/22) ,and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=6 .634 and 7 .002 , P=0 .010 and 0 .009) .In patients with comorbid psychological disorders ,more patients had frequent onset of abdominal pain or discomfort ,less achieved completely improvement after defecation , and often accompanied with defecation related symptoms .The HAMD score was positively correlated with the onset frequency of IBS (r=0 .172 ,P=0 .009) ,and the HAMA score was positively correlated with the degree of abdominal pain or discomfort before defecation (r=0 .134 , P= 0 .042) .The HAMA and HAMD scores were negatively correlated with the improvement degree of abdominal pain or discomfort after defecation (r= -0 .215 , P=0 .001 ;r= -0 .251 , P<0 .01) ,and were positively correlated with waiting time for symptoms improvement (r=0 .175 , P=0 .008;r=0 .219 , P= 0 .001) .Conclusion Most IBS-D patients have comorbid psychological disorders , anxiety and/or depression greatly impact the intestinal symptoms of patients with IBS .
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Objective To reinforce the awareness of colorectal endometriosis (EM) in colonoscopy examination.Methods Patients diagnosed as colorectal EM at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between February 2002 and February 2017 were enrolled in this study.The clinical characteristics and endoscopic features of EM lesions were summarized and compared between pathologically positive group and negative group.Results A total of 34 cases were included with average age of (38.3± 8.9) years old.All EM lesions located within rectum and sigmoid colon.The endoscopic lesions manifested as protrusion in 21 cases (61.8％) and protrusion-depression in 13 cases (38.2％),local stenosis in 8 cases (23.5％);erosive surface in 33 cases (97.1％) with local spontaneous hemorrhage in 4 cases (11.8％);nodal surface in 23 cases (67.6％),and lymphangiectasis base in 9 cases (26.4％).Endoscopic biopsy specimens were obtained in all cases with average 3 (2,4) pieces.Positive results were found only in 4 patients (11.8％) with 3 endometriosis and one (endometrial) adenosarcoma.Compared with negative group,spontaneous hemorrhage was more frequent in positive group (2/4 vs.2/30,P=0.013).Mean biopsy sample number was significantly larger in positive group (5 vs.3,P=0.004).Conclusions Colorectal endometriosis is mostly located within rectosigmoid region.Endoscopic features mainly include protrusion or protrusion-depression lesions with erosive and nodular surface,or local stenosis.Spontaneous hemorrhage under colonoscopy yields higher positive rate for biopsy,thus increasing biopsy sample numbers may improve pathology results.
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Objective To discuss the effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy open cholecystectomy on liver function,inflammatory factors and immunoglobulin in patients with chronic cholecystitis and cholecystolithiasis.Methods One hundred and five cases of chronic cholecystitis and cholecystolithiasis patients in the First Hospital of Danjiangkou City were selected form May 2015 to May 2017 by taking a retrospective analysis,and divided into experimental group (treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy,n =52) and control group (treated with traditional open cholecystectomy,n =53) according to the different ways of treatment,recorded and compared the indicators of the operation process,alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),total bilirubin (TBIL),gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT),tumor necrosis factor-u (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6),interleukin-8 (IL-8),C reactive protein(CRP),IgA,IgG,IgM.The measurement data were expressed by ((x) ± s),and the t test was used comparison between groups,and the x2 test was used comparison between enumeration data,the comparison of the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups was used the rank sum test,repeated measurement data using repeated measurement variance analysis.Results The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative anal exhaust time,first defecation time after operation,hospitalization time and hospitalization costs of experimental group were (73.71 ± 11.62) minutes,(60.73 ±6.88) ml,(24.38 ± 3.72) hours,(37.21 ±2.79) hours,(5.68 ±1.78) days,(6600 ±1 600) yuan respectively,the control group were (118.48 ±25.52) minutes,(121.24 ± 13.29) ml,(32.77 ±4.46) hours,(56.85 ±5.81) hours,(9.29 ±2.89) days,(4 900 ± 1 100) yuan respectively,which were statistically significant(the values of t were 3.584,4.183,3.397,3.245,3.489,2.938 respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).The liver function indexes ALT,AST,TBIL and GGT of the two groups were increased significantly after operation,which were statistical difference between the two groups (all P ＜0.05).The inflammatory indexes,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8,CRP of the two groups were significantly increased,and the 1,3,5 days TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8,CRP after operation of the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group,which were statistical difference (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with preoperative,the immunoglobulin indexes (IgA,IgG,IgM) of the experimental group after operation were no statistical difference (all P ＞ 0.05).The immunoglobulin indexes IgA,IgG,lgM in the control group were significantly lower than preoperative all P ＜ 0.05,the 1,3,5 days IgA,IgG,IgM of the control group after operation were significantly lower than the experimental group (all P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of operative complications of experimental group 5.77％ (3/52) was significantly lower than the control group 15.09％ (8/53),which was statistical difference (Z =5.118,P =0.000).Conclusion The therapeutic effect of Laparoscopic cholecystectomy on chronic cholecystitis and cholecystolithiasis is reliable,small trauma and short hospitalization time,although patients with postoperative liver function increase significantly but can be quickly restored,the level of inflammatory factors in the patients is significantly improved,and there is little effect on the immune function,and the incidence of postoperative complications is low,so it is worth popularizing in clinical practice.
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Objective To explore the effect of self-designed breathing exercise on the six-minute walking distance and quality of life in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods 60 patients with COPD were collected and divided into respiratory exercise group,positive control group and negative control group according to the random number table.Three groups of patients were treated with regular medication according to the GOLD (2016) guidelines,and accepted scheduled healthy knowledge education.Positive control group plus the 12-week aerobic exercise training (50％-80％ of the intensity of HRmax,30 minutes a day,three times a week).The respiratory exercise group began to carry out self-designed respiratory exercise training after discharge,which ensured that the patients would receive regular breathing exercise training three times a week and continue for last without interruption.On the day of enrollment,the evaluation will be conducted 3 months after the training.The evaluation indexes were six minutes walking distance (6WMD) and scores of COPD Clinical Questionnaire (CCQ).Results In the respiratory exercise group and the positive control group,both 6WMD and CCQ were significantly improved compared with that before rehabilitation (P ＜0.01).Compared with the negative control group,the 6WMD and CCQ of the respiratory exercise group and the positive control group were both significantly improved (P ＜0.01).But there was was no significant statistically difference between the respiratory exercise group and the positive control group (P ＞ 0.05),and the improvement degree of 6WMD and CCQ in the two groups was similar.Conclusions Self-designed breathing exercises can improve the walking distance and quality of life of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and achieve the same effect as exercise training.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease with high prevalence,high mortality and high disability.A large number of studies have confirmed that lung rehabilitation is an effective treatment for patients with COPD in addition to oxygen therapy and drug therapy.Respiratory muscle training is one of the basic methods of COPD lung rehabilitation,so do a good job in COPD patients with respiratory muscle training to improve the quality of life of patients,delay the disease process is of great significance.This paper focuses on the application progress of respiratory muscle training in COPD lung rehabilitation.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of testa triticum tricum purif for the treatment of functional constipatiofi(FC) in the late middle-aged and elderly patients.Methods This study was designed as a multicenter randomized controlled trial.Patients who met Rome Ⅲ diagnostic criteria of FC were enrolled,with age between 55-85 years old.Those with organic diseases were excluded.The patients were randomly allocated to receive testa triticum tricum purif (3.5 g bid) or polyethylene glycol 4000 powder (PEG4000,10g bid) for 8 weeks,followed by single dose of maintenance therapy for 4 weeks.Follow-up visits were at 4 and 12 weeks after treatment discontinuation.The independent investigators in each center evaluated the constipation symptoms scores.The primary endpoints included rates of significant improvement,improvement and overall improvement at the end of 2,4 and 8 weeks of therapy,which were calculated by the reduction of symptom scores ≥ 75 ％,50％-74％,≥ 25 ％ respectively.Results A total of 127 FC subjects were enrolled from 3 centers,and 122 cases valid for final analysis.The mean age was (69.4 ± 6.9) years old,including 62 cases in testa triticum tricum purif group and 60 cases in PEG4000 group.The demographic data,constipated symptoms scores and proportion of FC subtypes at baseline were comparable.The rates of significant improvement,improvement and overall improvement in testa triticum tricum purif and PEG4000 groups at the end of 2,4 and 8 weeks were 37.70％ (23/61) vs 59.32％(35/59) (P=0.018),57.38％ (35/61)vs74.14％ (43/58) (P=0.054),and64.41％ (38/59)vs 79.31％ (46/58) (P =0.073) respectively.Testa triticum tricum purif therapy significantly improved the proportion of spontaneous bowel movement (SBM) ≥ 3 times/week from 43.55％ (27/62) to 80.33％ (49/61),83.61％ (51/61) and 93.22％ (55/59) at 2,4,and 8 weeks respectively (all P＜0.01),which were comparable with PEG4000 group (all P ＞ 0.05).The proportion of normalized stool forms in study group was significant higher than that of control group at the end of 8 weeks [86.44％ (51/59) vs 67.24％ (39/58),P =0.014].Only one patient complained mild abdominal distension during testa triticum tricum purif therapy.Conclusions The efficacy of testa triticum tricum purif for the treatment of FC in late middle-aged and older patients is comparable with osmotic laxatives PEG4000,which has significant effect on normalization of fecal forms and reliable safety.
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Objective: To determine whether microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) could be prognostic biomarkers for patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). Methods:With immunohisto-chemical staining, the expressions of MAP2 and MAP1B were examined in 193 and 120 primary tumors and peritumoral tissues, re-spectively. Then, the relationship between the expression of each protein and clinicopathological characteristics, including prognosis was analyzed. Results:MAP2 and MAP1B were expressed in 88 of 193 (45.6%) and 77 of 120 (64.2%) tumors, respectively. The expres-sion of MAP2 was significantly associated with the favorable overall survival of patients with PNETs (P=0.012). Moreover, MAP2 expres-sion was associated with the improved overall survival in a subset of patients with stageⅡand stageⅢtumors (P=0.017). The MAP1B expression did not correlate with other clinicopathological features and prognosis. Conclusion:MAP2 could be a novel, independent prognostcbiomarker for PNETs.